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snow emergency
A snow emergency is the term used to indicate the active response plan when a snow storm severely impacts a city, county or town in the United States or Canada. Schools, universities, government offices, airports and public buildings may close during a snow emergency to prevent injuries during attempted travel; parking restrictions also usually go into effect to allow snowplows to clear effectively. The precise meaning of "snow emergency" varies depending on the issuing municipality. Snow emergencies are a common occurrence during the winter snowfall season in the Northern United States. The general public is alerted to snow emergency status via local broadcast stations, reverse 911 calls, mass text messaging services, public address systems, or lighted signals.〔Picture of signs with flashing blue light in Somerville, Massachusetts: http://blogs.wickedlocal.com/somerville/2008/12/19/snow-emergency-2/#axzz3QKV1xM6v〕
Typically, a snow emergency is declared by the mayor or other chief executive official of a jurisdiction.〔http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/1999/01/14/toronto990114.html〕 The declaration is usually issued after the winter storm has impacted a city or county. Winter Storm Warnings, Lake Effect Snow Warnings, Blizzard Warnings, and Winter Weather Advisories issued by the National Weather Service are taken into account when declaring a snow emergency.
During life-threatening winter storms, a state of emergency may be declared for an entire state. This allows additional measures to be taken by the executive, such as banning driving,〔http://wamc.org/post/ma-and-ct-declare-state-emergency-issues-travel-bans-winter-blast-nears〕 enforcing a curfew, and deploying personnel, equipment, shelters, or financial resources that would be otherwise unavailable.
==Examples==
Minneapolis defines a snow emergency as a predefined-duration period of specific parking rules to allow snowplows to move about the entire breadth of every city street.〔http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/snow/index.asp〕 On the other hand, Ohio snow emergencies are declared by the county sheriff's department on one of three levels; each level defines the recommended or mandated actions of the general public due to severe winter weather.〔http://www.weathersafety.ohio.gov/SnowEmergencyClassifications.aspx〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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